The Relationship Between Cynicism, Cyberloafing and Work Alienation


Abstract views: 157 / PDF downloads: 98

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8393093

Keywords:

Organizational cynicism, work alienation, virtual shirking

Abstract

As an undeniable necessity of the age of technology, organizations are experiencing the process of digitalization. In particular, internet and information technologies are used intensively in organizations as in all areas of life. While these transformations reshape the traditional paradigms in organizations, the organizational conveniences obtained in parallel with the use of technology have also brought some difficulties. One of these challenges is cyberloafing, which is defined as secretly participating in non-work-related online activities during working hours. Although seemingly harmless, cyberloafing has far-reaching detrimental effects for both employees and organizations. In this context, understanding the underlying psychological and organizational factors that contribute to cyberloafing is an imperative endeavor for organizations seeking to cultivate a motivated and focused workforce. In this study, the effects of organizational cynicism and work alienation on cyberloafing were examined. In the study, 362 employees employed in different sectors were included and data were collected through self-report scales. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 26.00 and linear regression analysis was performed to test the hypotheses. According to the findings of the study, organizational cynicism and work alienation increase cyberloafing. Based on these findings, it is recommended that organizations should develop a organizational culture to prevent cynicism and work alienation and make strategic plans for training or activities in this context.

References

Askew, K., Buckner, J. E., Taing, M. U., Ilie, A., Bauer, J. A., & Coovert, M. D. (2014). Explaining cyberloafing: The role of the theory of planned behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 36, 510-519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.006

Aslan, H., & Mert, İ. S. (2019). Duygusal emek ile işe yabancılaşma ilişkisinde psikolojik sermayenin düzenleyici rolü. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 11(18), 1736-1772. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.544850

Babadağ, M. (2018). İşe Yabancilaşmanin Sanal Kaytarma Üzerindeki Etkisi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(39), 207-239. https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.437734

Bartlett, J.M., Kotrlik, J.W. ve Higgins, C.C. (2001). Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research appropriate sample size in survey research. Information technology, learning, and performance journal, 19(1), 43-50. https://www.opalco.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Reading-Sample-Size1.pdf.

Bommer, W. H., Rich, G. A., & Rubin, R. S. (2005). Changing attitudes about change: Longitudinal effects of transformational leader behavior on employee cynicism about organizational change. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 26(7), 733-753. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.342

Brandes, P., Dharwadkar, R., ve Dean, J. W. (1999, May). Does organizational cynicism matter? Employee and supervisor perspectives on work outcomes. In Eastern Academy of Management Proceedings, 2(1), 150-153.

Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling techniques. John Wiley and Sons.

Demir, M., & Demir, Ş. (2022). The effect of employees’ work alienation on cyberloafing behavior in hospitality businesses. Scientific Collection «InterConf», (135), 41-50. https://archive.interconf.center/index.php/conference-proceeding/article/view/1818/1848

Doğan, S., & Uğurlu, C. (2015). Okul yöneticilerinin etik liderlik davranişlari ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel sinizm algilari arasindaki ilişki. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(3), 489-516. https://doi.org/10.17152/gefad.00239

Erbaş Kelebek, E.F. (2022). İş stresinin sosyal sanal kaytarma üzerindeki etkisinde bilinçli farkındalığın moderatör rolü. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 10(4), 1529-1544. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v10i4.2155

Erkutlu, H. V., & Özdemir, H. Ö. (2018). Otantik liderlik ve sanal kaytarma arasındaki ilişkide örgütsel sinizmin aracılık rolü. Social Sciences, 13(2), 119-125. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/465086

Eryılmaz, A., & Burgaz, B. (2011). Özel ve resmi lise öğretmenlerinin örgütsel yabancılaşma düzeyleri. Eğitim ve Bilim, 36(161), 271-286. http://egitimvebilim.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/1007/301

Gezer, H., & Barutçu, E. (2020). Sanal kaytarma ile iş tatmini arasindaki ilişkiye yönelik bir araştırma. Journal of Internet Applications and Management, 11(1), 35-48. https://doi.org/10.34231/iuyd.696227

Guastello, S. J., Rieke, M. L., Guastello, D. D., & Billings, S. W. (1992). A study of cynicism, personality, and work values. The Journal of Psychology, 126(1), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1992.10543339

Hair, J. F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective. New Jersey, USA: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Henle, C. A., & Blanchard, A. L. (2008). The interaction of work stressors and organizational sanctions on cyberloafing. Journal of Managerial İssues, 383-400. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40604617

Hirschfeld, R. R., & Feild, H. S. (2000). Work centrality and work alienation: Distinct aspects of a general commitment to work. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 21(7), 789-800. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1379(200011)21:7%3C789::AID-JOB59%3E3.0.CO;2-W

İşçi, E., Şişman, F. A., & Bektaş, G. (2013). A research on the relationship between personnel empowerment and organizational cynicism. Management, 3(5), 252-258. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.mm.20130305.02

Johnson, J. L., & O’Leary-Kelly, A. M. (2003). The effects of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: Not all social exchange violations are created equal. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 24(5), 627-647. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.207

Karacaoğlu, K., ve İnce, F. (2012). Brandes, Dharwadkar ve Dean’in (1999) örgütsel sinizm ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması: Kayseri Organize Sanayi Bölgesi örneği. Business and Economics Research Journal, 3(3), 77-92. https://search.trdizin.gov.tr/tr/yayin/detay/229446/.

Karataş, A., & Avcı, S. (2017). Kamu kurumlarinda sanal kaytarma olgusunun değerlendirilmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(Kayfor 15 Özel Sayısı), 2321-2346. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1027400

Kaya, İ., & Soyalın, M. (2022). Örgütsel Sinizmin Sanal Kaytarma Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bankacılık Sektöründe Bir Uygulama. İşletme, 3(1), 33-43. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2231080

Khalid, K. (2020). Organizational Cynicism and Employee Performance: The Moderating Effect of Occupational Self-Efficacy in Pakistan. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management and Applied Sciences and Technologies, 11(2), 1-17. https://tuengr.com/V11/11A02M.pdf

Khansa, L., Barkhi, R., Ray, S., & Davis, Z. (2018). Cyberloafing in the workplace: mitigation tactics and their impact on individuals’ behavior. Information Technology and Management, 19, 197-215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10799-017-0280-1

Kılıç, S., & Toker, K. (2020). Örgütsel adalet ile örgütsel sinizm arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, 15(58), 288-303. https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.499909

Koçoğlu, M., & Terzi, C. (2020). Örgütsel sinizmin örgütsel bağlılık üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi: Hekimlere yönelik bir araştırma. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(1), 129-143. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.487309

Lim, V. K. (2002). The IT way of loafing on the job: Cyberloafing, neutralizing and organizational justice. Journal of organizational behavior: the international journal of industrial, occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 23(5), 675-694. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.161

Lim, V. K., & Teo, T. S. (2022). Cyberloafing: A review and research agenda. Applied Psychology. 1-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12452

Lowe-Calverley, E., & Grieve, R. (2017). Web of deceit: Relationships between the dark triad, perceived ability to deceive and cyberloafing. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 11(2), 5. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2017-2-5

Mercado, B. K., Giordano, C., & Dilchert, S. (2017). A meta-analytic investigation of cyberloafing. Career Development International, 22(5), 546-564. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-08-2017-0142

Nafei, W. A., & Kaifi, B. A. (2013). The impact of organizational cynicism on organizational commitment: An applied study on teaching hospitals in Egypt. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(12), 131-147. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234624783.pdf

Nair, N., & Vohra, N. (2010). An exploration of factors predicting work alienation of knowledge workers. Management Decision, 48(4), 600-615. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741011041373

Nair, P., & Kamalanabhan, T. J. (2010). The impact of cynicism on ethical intentions of Indian managers: The moderating role of seniority. Journal of International Business Ethics, 3(1), 14. http://www.cibe.org.cn/uploadfile/otherfile/2010_1.pdf#page=14

Ozler, D. E., & Polat, G. (2012). Cyberloafing phenomenon in organizations: Determinants and impacts. International Journal of eBusiness and eGovernment Studies, 4(2), 1-15. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/257052

Örücü, E. ve Yıldız, H. (2014). İşyerinde kişisel internet ve teknoloji kullanımı: sanal kaytarma. Ege Academic Review, 14(1), 99-114. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/560040.

Örücü, E., & Hasırcı, I. (2021). Organizasyonlarda sinizm ile sanal kaytarma davranışı ilişkisinde çalışan yaşının düzenleyici etkisi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 28(1), 23-43. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.743508

Özbek, M. F. (2011). Örgüt içerisindeki güven ve işe yabancilaşma ilişkisinde örgüte uyum sağlamanin araci rolü. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1), 231-248. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/194522

Öztürk, M., & Çuhadar, M. (2021). Örgütsel Bağlılığın Sanal Kaytarma Davranışı Üzerine Etkisinde Örgütsel Sinizmin Aracılık Rolü: Seyahat İşletmelerinde Bir Uygulama. Journal of Recreation and Tourism Research, 8(4), 461-499. https://doi.org/10.31771/jrtr.2021.111

Seeman, M. (1959). On the meaning of alienation. American Sociological Review, 783-791. https://doi.org/10.2307/2088565

Sookoo, N. (2013). Perceptions of injustice and alienation dynamics within the workplace. Journal of the Department of Behavioural Sciences, 3(1), 81-99. https://journals.sta.uwi.edu/ojs/index.php/jbs/article/view/431/383

Sunman, G. (2021). Intermediation role of job alienation in the relationship between job stress and cyberloafing behaviour. Socrates Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 13, 45-61. https://doi.org/10.51293/socrates.123

Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., ve Ullman, J. B. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: Pearson.

Zoghbi-Manrique-de-Lara, P., & Viera-Armas, M. (2017). Corporate culture as a mediator in the relationship between ethical leadership and personal internet use. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 24(3), 357-371. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051817696877

Published

2023-10-22

How to Cite

Çetin, Z. (2023). The Relationship Between Cynicism, Cyberloafing and Work Alienation. Artikel International Journal of Social Science, 1(2), 93–106. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8393093

Issue

Section

Articles